逍遥右脑 2010-03-03 21:15
规则一：
在一个句子开头，永远大写。
EX：La circulation est interrompue. 交通中断了。
规则二：
姓名，名字，别名要大写。
EX：Mademoiselle Zhang 张女士 Nicolas Sarkozy 尼科拉 萨科齐 Monsieur le Ministre 部长先生
规则三：
专有名词大写。
1.指人、地名、 国家、地名、姓名
EX： Maire 玛丽 Bruxelles 布鲁塞尔 la Belgique 比利时 l'Asie 亚洲 l'Orient东方 une Canadien 一个加拿大男人 Jean le Bon 好人约翰
2.表示宗教、上帝、神话人物
EX：Junon 朱诺 Vénus 维纳斯 Dieu 上帝
3.星座、行星、星球
EX: le Soleil 太阳 la Lune 月亮 la Terre地球
（以上在日常用语中不大写） travailler la terre 种地 claire de lune 月光 une place au soleil 向阳位
4.方位基点
EX: l'Afique du Sud 南非 le Midi 法国南部
（表具体位置不大写）l'est de la France 法国东部
5.行政机关、学校机构、历史事件
EX： le ministère de la Défense 国防部 l'Ecole normale supérieure 巴黎高等师范学校 la Révolution fran?aise 法国大革命 la fête de P?que 复活节
6. 建筑物、船、飞机
EX： l'Arc de Triomphe 凯旋门 le Concorde 协和式飞机
规则四：
艺术作品定冠词前的名词要大写，第一个名词前形容词也要大写。
小编提醒：
英语中，一周七日是要大写的，而法语大多数情况下不用。
英语中的十二个月要大写，而法语一般情况下不用。
英语中的人称代词第一人称单数“I”要大写，而法语中的人称代词第一人称单数“je”只有位于句首时才大写。
法语中的指各种语言的名词不大写。
法语中修饰语言的形容词也不用大写。
为了强调，标题中的单词法语有时会全部大写，如：Les Grandes Vacances Finies, la Rentrée
Scolaire Commence!
法语名片上的姓有时会全部大写。
国外法文出版的连环画中的文字通常全部大写，初次读来会很不习惯。
法语版本：
Capitalisation de titres et de noms en fran?ais
The capitalization of titles and names in French and English is quite a bit different. In English, the first word in the title and all subsequent "important" words (everything except articles, conjunctions, and prepositions) are capitalized. The rules are more complicated in French - so complicated, in fact, that I have been unable to find a definitive system. I have found various levels of support for the following three schools of thought.
I. Standard capitalization
Here, capitalization depends on the position and importance of the words in the title.
A. The first word is always capitalized.
B. If the first word is an article or other determiner, the first noun and any adjectives that precede it are capitalized.
Trois Contes Un Coeur simple
Le Petit Robert Le Nouveau Petit Robert
Le Bon Usage Le Progrès de la civilisation au XXe siècle
C. If the title consists of two words or phrases of equal value, they are considered "co-titles" and each one is capitalized according to the above rules.
Guerre et Paix Julie ou La Nouvelle Hélo?se
This is the system that I learned in college and have used ever since. It is also used in Le Petit Robert, Quid, and throughout the Dictionnaire de citations fran?aises.
Le Bon Usage briefly discusses an inconsistency in the capitalization of titles. It does not mention system I (above), but lists two others:
II. Important noun capitalization
In this system, the first word and any "important" nouns are capitalized.
Trois Contes Un Coeur simple
Le petit Robert Le nouveau petit Robert
Le bon Usage Le Progrès de la Civilisation au XXe siècle
Le Bon Usage states that system II is more common than III and uses it in its own bibliography.
III. Sentence capitalization
In this system, only the first word of the title is capitalized.
Trois contes Un coeur simple
Le petit Robert Le nouveau petit Robert
Le bon usage Le progrès de la civilisation au XXe siècle
A number of websites use this system, crediting it either to the MLA Handbook or to ? normes ISO ?. I was unable to find any official online documentation for either of these sources. On the spines of the several dozen French novels I own (mostly published by Folio), there is a fairly even distribution between capitalization systems II and III.
Summary: Since even Le Petit Robert (the quintessential French dictionary) and Le Bon Usage (the French grammar bible) can't seem to agree about how to capitalize titles, it is clear that either there is no standard system or that the standard is not well known. Personally, I'm going to stick with what I learned in college. If you have any additional information or links to official documentation, please post on the forum so that I can add it to this lesson.
Note: Of course, proper nouns are not affected by these capitalization systems; they always follow their rules as explained in my general capitalization lesson.
[hr]
IV. Capitalization of surnames
French surnames are often capitalized in their entirety, especially in bibliographies and administrative documents.
Gustave FLAUBERT Camara LAYE
Jean de LA FONTAINE
Antoine de SAINT-EXUP?RY